25 questions in 25 minutes on the NTA computer-based test interface, all from Biotechnology and its Applications. +4 / -1 marking, instant score, full solutions. Free, no login.
A chapter test is the fastest honest check on whether a chapter has actually landed. This one draws 25 questions from Biotechnology and its Applications, of which 15 are real NEET previous-year questions and 0 sit at the harder end of the bank. Sit it in one 25-minute block, the way you would in the hall.
Revising first? Read the Biotechnology and its Applications chapter notes, then come back and take this test to check it stuck.
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Duration: 180 minutes · 180 questions · 720 marks maximum
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NEET CBT mock test: common questions
How many questions are in this Biotechnology and its Applications mock test?
25 questions in 25 minutes, marked +4 for a correct answer and -1 for a wrong one, exactly like the real paper. 15 of them are NEET previous-year questions.
Is this the same interface as the real NEET CBT?
Yes. On-screen countdown, colour-coded question palette, Save & Next, Clear Response and Mark for Review, then an instant score with full solutions.
Should I take this before or after revising Biotechnology and its Applications?
Both, and that is the point. Take it cold to find out what you actually do not know, revise from the chapter notes, then retake it to confirm the gap closed.
All 25 questions with answers and solutions
The complete paper in text form, with the correct option and a worked explanation for every question. Sit the timed test above first: the score is only worth having if you earn it. Then open this to revise, or to re-read a question you got wrong without replaying the whole paper.
Show all 25 questions with answers and solutions
Zoology
- Q1The majority of existing transgenic animals belong to which group?
- Fish
- Sheep
- Mice
- Cows
Answer: (C) Mice
More than 95% of all existing transgenic animals are mice, which are widely used as models for studying disease and gene function.
- Q2Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable to some, mainly because:
- This method is costly
- These products are less tasty compared to existing products
- There is a danger of introduction of viruses and toxins with the introduced crop
- The economy of developing countries may suffer
Answer: (D) The economy of developing countries may suffer
A key objection is that developing countries may find it difficult and costly to keep up with patented, genetically engineered crops, harming their economy and self-reliance. While cost and biosafety are concerns, the textbook-keyed reason here is the economic burden on developing countries.
- Q3The maximum number of existing transgenic animals belongs to which group?
- Cow
- Mice
- Pig
- Fish
Answer: (B) Mice
Over 95% of all existing transgenic animals are mice, which are widely used as models for studying disease and gene function. Fish, cow and pig make up only a small fraction.
- Q4The introduction of T-DNA into plants involves:
- Exposing the plants to cold for a brief period
- Altering the pH of soil, then heat-shocking the plants
- Infection of the plant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
- Allowing the plant roots to stand in water
Answer: (C) Infection of the plant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a natural plant pathogen, transfers a piece of its Ti-plasmid DNA (T-DNA) into the plant genome on infection. Engineers use this as a delivery vector; heat-shock, cold and water-soaking do not transfer T-DNA.
- Q5The laws and rules made to prevent the unauthorised exploitation of bio-resources are termed as:
- Bioengineering
- Biopatenting
- Bioethics
- Biopiracy
Answer: (C) Bioethics
Bioethics is the set of laws and rules framed to prevent unauthorised exploitation of bio-resources. Biopiracy is the unauthorised exploitation itself, biopatenting is the granting of patents on biological products/processes, and bioengineering applies engineering to biology.
- Q6In the production of recombinant human insulin (Humulin) by Eli Lilly, the strategy used was to:
- Produce A and B chains separately in E. coli and join them by disulphide bonds
- Extract insulin directly from pig pancreas
- Use yeast to secrete mature insulin with C-peptide intact
- Insert the whole proinsulin gene and let E. coli process the C-peptide
Answer: (A) Produce A and B chains separately in E. coli and join them by disulphide bonds
Eli Lilly (1983) produced the two polypeptide chains A and B separately in E. coli and then combined them via disulphide bonds to form functional human insulin.
- Q7Golden rice is a genetically modified crop plant in which the incorporated gene is meant for the biosynthesis of:
- Vitamin-C
- Omega-3 fatty acid
- Vitamin-A
- Vitamin-B
Answer: (C) Vitamin-A
Golden rice is engineered to biosynthesise beta-carotene (provitamin-A) in the edible endosperm, a precursor of vitamin-A, to combat vitamin-A deficiency. It is not for vitamin-B, vitamin-C or omega-3.
- Q8Transgenic animals are those which have:
- DNA and RNA both in their cells
- Foreign RNA in all their cells
- Foreign DNA in some of their cells
- Foreign DNA in all their cells
Answer: (D) Foreign DNA in all their cells
Transgenic animals carry the introduced foreign DNA (transgene) integrated into the genome of all their cells, because the gene is inserted into the early embryo/fertilised egg. So it is foreign DNA in all cells, not only some, and not foreign RNA.
- Q9Exploration of molecular, genetic and species-level diversity for novel products of economic importance is known as:
- Bioprospecting
- Biopiracy
- Bioenergetics
- Bioremediation
Answer: (A) Bioprospecting
Bioprospecting is the systematic exploration of biological diversity (molecular, genetic, species) for novel products of economic value. Biopiracy is the unauthorised/illegal use of bio-resources; bioremediation cleans up pollution; bioenergetics studies energy metabolism.
- Q10In India, the organisation responsible for assessing the safety of introducing genetically modified organisms for public use is:
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
- Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)
- Research Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM)
Answer: (C) Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)
GEAC (Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee, formerly Approval Committee) assesses the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GMOs for public services in India. CSIR and ICMR are research bodies, not the GMO-safety regulator.
- Q11Which of the following are fused in somatic hybridization involving two varieties of plants?
- Protoplasts
- Pollens
- Callus
- Somatic embryos
Answer: (A) Protoplasts
C. Tests: what exactly is fused in somatic hybridization. Why C: in somatic hybridization the cell walls of somatic cells from two varieties are first digested away (cellulase, pectinase) to obtain naked protoplasts, and these wall-free protoplasts are then fused to give a somatic hybrid (e.g., pomato from potato + tomato). Why not A: callus is the unorganised mass grown from an explant in culture; it is a stage of tissue culture, not the fusion unit [misconception A: “cultures are hybridised as callus lumps”] Why not B: somatic embryos are a regeneration output, formed after culture, not what is fused [misconception B: “embryos fuse like gametes”] Why not D: pollen fusion would be sexual (gametic) hybridization, the exact thing somatic hybridization bypasses [misconception D: “all hybridization involves pollen”] Remember: strip the wall, fuse the protoplasts; that is somatic hybridization.
- Q12Consumption of which one of the following foods can prevent the kind of blindness associated with vitamin-A deficiency?
- Bt brinjal
- Flavr Savr tomato
- Canola
- Golden rice
Answer: (D) Golden rice
Golden rice is enriched in beta-carotene (provitamin-A) and so can prevent vitamin-A-deficiency blindness. Flavr Savr is a delayed-ripening tomato, canola is engineered for oil quality, and Bt brinjal is pest-resistant – none address vitamin-A.
- Q13The first successfully cloned mammal (animal) that gained worldwide publicity was:
- Molly (a sheep)
- Chance (a bull)
- Polly (a sheep)
- Dolly (a sheep)
Answer: (D) Dolly (a sheep)
Dolly the sheep (1996) was the first successfully cloned mammal from an adult somatic cell to gain worldwide publicity. Molly and Polly were later cloned sheep, and Chance was a cloned bull – none had Dolly’s historic ‘first’ status.
- Q14Which body of the Government of India regulates GM research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services?
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research
- Bio-safety Committee
- Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
- Research Committee on Genetic Manipulation
Answer: (C) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
B. Tests: recall of GEAC, the statutory regulator of GM organisms in India. Why B: the Indian Government set up the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) to make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services, exactly the wording of the question. Why not A: RCGM monitors research-level safety aspects but is not the NCERT-named approval body for public release [misconception A: “the committee with ‘genetic manipulation’ in its name approves releases”] Why not C: ICAR coordinates agricultural research and education, not GM approvals [misconception C: “GM crops = agriculture = ICAR”] Why not D: institutional biosafety committees operate at lab level; the national decision-maker is GEAC [misconception D: “biosafety in the name means the top regulator”] Remember: GM approval in India = GEAC.
- Q15Golden rice is an example of a GM crop developed primarily to:
- Enhance nutritional value (vitamin A / beta-carotene content)
- Reduce post-harvest spoilage
- Resist bollworm attack
- Tolerate drought stress
Answer: (A) Enhance nutritional value (vitamin A / beta-carotene content)
Golden rice is engineered to be rich in beta-carotene (provitamin A), an example of improving the nutritional value of crops to combat vitamin A deficiency.
- Q16Producing a giant mouse in the laboratory was possible through:
- Gene synthesis
- Gene duplication
- Gene mutation
- Gene manipulation
Answer: (D) Gene manipulation
Transgenic (giant) mice were produced by gene manipulation – transferring a foreign growth-hormone gene into fertilised eggs/stem cells. This is deliberate manipulation, not random mutation, chemical gene synthesis, or simple duplication.
- Q17The Bt toxin protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis does not kill the bacterium itself because:
- The bacterial gut has an acidic pH
- The toxin exists as an inactive protoxin (crystal) inside the bacterium
- The bacterium secretes an antitoxin simultaneously
- The toxin is produced only in dead bacterial cells
Answer: (B) The toxin exists as an inactive protoxin (crystal) inside the bacterium
Bt produces the toxin as inactive protoxin crystals (Cry proteins). It is activated only by the alkaline pH of the insect gut, which solubilises the crystal; inside the bacterium it remains inactive, so the bacterium is unharmed.
- Q18Rosie, the first transgenic cow, was significant because her milk contained:
- Human alpha-lactalbumin (a human protein)
- Bt toxin
- Human insulin
- Bovine growth hormone only
Answer: (A) Human alpha-lactalbumin (a human protein)
Rosie (1997) produced human-protein-enriched milk containing human alpha-lactalbumin (about 2.4 g per litre), making it more nutritionally balanced for human babies than natural cow milk.
- Q19A transgenic food crop which may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries is:
- Flavr Savr tomatoes
- Golden rice
- Bt soyabean
- Starlink maize
Answer: (B) Golden rice
Vitamin-A deficiency causes night blindness, common where rice is the staple but lacks beta-carotene. Golden rice is engineered to make beta-carotene (provitamin-A) and so addresses night blindness. The other crops do not target vitamin-A.
- Q20Biopiracy refers to:
- The use of bio-resources/traditional knowledge by organisations without proper authorisation or compensation to the people concerned
- The illegal smuggling of live animals across borders
- The patenting of newly synthesised chemical drugs
- The destruction of biodiversity by pollution
Answer: (A) The use of bio-resources/traditional knowledge by organisations without proper authorisation or compensation to the people concerned
Biopiracy is the exploitation of bio-resources or traditional knowledge of a country/community by multinational organisations and others without proper authorisation or compensatory payment.
- Q21In India, the body that makes decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GMOs for public services is the:
- GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee)
- FDA
- ICMR
- WTO
Answer: (A) GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee)
GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) is the Indian regulatory body that examines the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GMOs for public use.
- Q22Transgenic plants are the ones:
- Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell
- Produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium
- Grown in artificial medium after hybridisation in the field
- Produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium
Answer: (A) Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell
Transgenic plants are made by introducing a foreign gene (transgene) into a cell and regenerating a whole plant from it, e.g. Flavr Savr tomato, golden rice. Protoplast fusion (somatic hybridisation) and somatic embryogenesis do not by themselves introduce a foreign gene.
- Q23RNA interference (RNAi) used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognita works by:
- Producing a toxin that poisons the nematode gut
- Forming complementary dsRNA that silences specific nematode mRNA
- Attracting predators of the nematode
- Increasing the thickness of root cell walls
Answer: (B) Forming complementary dsRNA that silences specific nematode mRNA
In RNAi, complementary sense and antisense RNAs form double-stranded RNA that binds and silences the specific nematode mRNA (post-transcriptional gene silencing), so the parasite cannot survive in the host.
- Q24Which of the following Indian resources was the subject of a well-known biopiracy patent dispute later revoked?
- Tea
- Coffee
- Turmeric (Haldi)
- Mango
Answer: (C) Turmeric (Haldi)
Turmeric (Haldi), along with Basmati rice and Neem, is a classic example of biopiracy; the US patent on turmeric’s wound-healing property was challenged and revoked.
- Q25Activation of the Bt protoxin into active toxin within the insect occurs due to the:
- Acidic pH of the insect midgut
- High temperature of the insect body
- Alkaline pH of the insect gut
- Enzymes of the plant leaf surface
Answer: (C) Alkaline pH of the insect gut
Once ingested, the inactive protoxin is converted into active toxin by the alkaline pH of the insect gut, which solubilises the crystal. The active toxin then binds midgut epithelial cells, creating pores and causing lysis.